Exploring macrobehaviors and metacontingencies: Non-experimental and experimental contributions

The study of cultural practices is originally a focus of social sciences, especially during seminal studies in anthropology and sociology, later influencing other areas. In Behavior analysis, a psychological approach, Skinner stressed the importance of studies on social behavior involving institutions and large groups, as early as in 1953 on his book “Science and Human Behavior.” In the 1980s, Glenn gave a significant contribution to the area proposing the concepts of metacontingency and macrocontingency. Her innovation has been followed by many studies investigating the contribution of adopting these concepts for the analysis of cultural practices. This article presents some non-experimental and experimental lines of research that focus on the maintenance and transmission of cultural practices. Metacontingency and macrocontingencies elements were analyzed in the Brazilian public health system and in family interactions. Laboratory microsocieties as a research tool that attempts to unveil the contingency relations within small groups are also described. Cultural consequences associated to the selection function of culturants have been observed in these studies. Suggestions for future research of other variables which may improve the comprehension of the selection of cultural practices are also presented.